Calcium Application Areas

Kev lag luam teb
Nws yog siv los ua alloys nrog txhuas, tooj liab, thiab txhuas. Nws kuj tseem siv los ua tus neeg saib xyuas kev txo qis rau beryllium, deoxidizing tus neeg sawv cev rau cov hlau, thiab cov dehydrogenating tus neeg sawv cev rau cov roj.
Nws yog siv los ua tus neeg sawv cev deoxidizing rau alloys, tus neeg saib xyuas lub cev qhuav dej rau cov roj, txo tus neeg sawv cev rau metallurgy, desulfurizing thiab decarburizing tus neeg sawv cev rau hlau thiab ferroalloys, thiab cov khoom hauv electron tubes.
Biological teb
Calcium yog siv los ua cov neeg ua haujlwm kub kub los tsim cov hlau chromium, thorium, uranium, tsis tshua muaj ntiaj teb cov ntsiab lus, zirconium, cov khoom sib nqus samarium-cobalt alloys, hydrogen-absorbing cov ntaub ntawv lanthanum-nickel alloys, thiab titanium-nickel alloys los ntawm oxides thiab halides. Ca-Si alloys yog ntxiv rau cov hlau los tiv thaiv kev tsim cov carbide. Lead-calcium alloys uas muaj 0.04% calcium muaj siab hardness thiab corrosion kuj, thiab yog siv los ua cable sheaths thiab roj teeb txhuas phaj; Ntxiv calcium rau aluminium alloys tuaj yeem txhim kho plasticity. Calcium kuj yog siv los ua deoxidizer rau smelting tin bronze, npib tsib xee, thiab hlau, ib tug degassing tus neeg saib xyuas nyob rau hauv electron tubes thiab TV duab raj, ib tug dehydrating agent rau organic solvents, desulfurizing tus neeg saib xyuas rau roj refining, ib tug denitrifying tus neeg saib xyuas rau cov ntshiab inert gases ( xws li helium), thiab decomposition ntawm tsw ntxhiab thiophenes thiab mercaptans. Calcium fluoride yog siv los ua cov khoom siv rau cov iav kho qhov muag, kho qhov muag fiber ntau, thiab cov enamel, thiab ua cov flux. Calcium peroxide yog ib qho oxidant me me, siv los ua kom tsis muaj menyuam, khaws cia, thiab tshuaj dawb, thiab tseem siv los ua kom qhuav sai rau cov kua nplaum.
Tib neeg:
Calcium yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau lub cev. Rau tib neeg lub cev, muaj cov protein uas khi rau Ca2+ hauv cov leeg, cov hlab ntsha, cov kua hauv lub cev, thiab cov pob txha. Calcium yog lub ntsiab inorganic feem ntawm tib neeg cov pob txha thiab cov hniav, thiab tseem yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm cov hlab ntsha, cov leeg nqaij contraction, ntshav coagulation, hormonal tso tawm, thiab kua mis secretion. Calcium suav txog li 1.4% ntawm tib neeg lub cev hnyav thiab koom nrog cov metabolism. Calcium yuav tsum tau ntxiv txhua hnub; Calcium tsis txaus lossis ntau dhau ntawm tib neeg lub cev yuav cuam tshuam rau kev loj hlob thiab kev noj qab haus huv.
Calcium yog cov ntsev ntau tshaj inorganic hauv tib neeg lub cev. Tag nrho cov calcium hauv cov neeg laus noj qab haus huv yog kwv yees li {{0}} grams, suav txog li 1.5%-2.0% ntawm lub cev hnyav. 99% ntawm calcium muaj nyob rau hauv cov pob txha thiab cov hniav nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov pob txha ntsev, thiab tus so yog faib nyob rau hauv cov ntaub so ntswg mos. Calcium nyob rau hauv cov kua extracellular account tsuas yog 0.1% ntawm tag nrho cov calcium. Cov pob txha yog qhov chaw tseem ceeb ntawm calcium deposition, yog li lawv hu ua "calcium stores". Pob txha calcium feem ntau muaj nyob rau hauv ob hom: amorphous calcium hydrogen phosphate (CaHPO4) thiab crystalline hydroxyapatite (3Ca3PO4 × Ca(OH)2). Nws muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab lub cev thiab tshuaj lom neeg hloov pauv tas li nrog lub cev lossis cov kab mob pathological ntawm tib neeg lub cev. Muaj ntau cov calcium hydrogen phosphate nyob rau hauv cov pob txha tshiab dua li cov pob txha qub, thiab nws maj mam hloov mus ua hydroxyapatite thaum lub sij hawm cov pob txha loj tuaj. Cov pob txha muaj qhov sib npaug ntawm cov pob txha calcium thiab cov ntshav calcium los ntawm kev txuas ntxiv osteogenesis thiab osteolysis.
Raws li ib txwm muaj, yuav luag tag nrho cov calcium hauv cov ntshav muaj nyob hauv plasma. Raws li kev ua ntawm ntau cov tshuaj calcium uas tswj hwm cov tshuaj hormones, cov calcium hauv cov ntshav yog qhov tsis tu ncua ntawm 2.25-2.75 mmol / L. Nws yog me ntsis siab dua nyob rau hauv cov me nyuam thiab feem ntau yog nyob rau sab sauv txwv. Calcium muaj nyob rau hauv plasma thiab extracellular kua raws li hauv qab no: (1) Protein-bound calcium. Nws suav txog li 40% ntawm tag nrho cov ntshav calcium. (2) Diffusible bound calcium. Calcium khi rau cov organic acids, xws li calcium citrate, calcium lactate, thiab calcium phosphate, tuaj yeem cuam tshuam los ntawm cov kab mob lom thiab suav txog li 13%. (3) Cov tshuaj tsis muaj calcium. Ntawd yog, ionized calcium (Ca), uas yog tas li pauv nrog ob hom calcium saum toj no thiab nyob rau hauv dynamic equilibrium. Nws cov ntsiab lus muaj feem xyuam rau cov ntshav pH. Thaum pH txo qis, [Ca] nce, pH nce, thiab ionized calcium txo. Nyob rau hauv ib txwm physiological pH ntau, ionized calcium account rau txog 47%. Ntawm peb hom ntshav calcium, tsuas yog ionized calcium uas muaj cov nyhuv physiological ncaj qha. Cov tshuaj hormones kuj tswj cov calcium ionized thiab tswj los ntawm kev tawm tswv yim ntawm ionized calcium ntau ntau.
Lub intracellular ionized calcium concentration yog qis dua qhov extracellular ionized calcium concentration. Extracellular ionized calcium yog lub chaw cia khoom ntawm intracellular ionized calcium. Calcium muaj nyob rau hauv peb hom: khaws cia calcium, khi calcium, thiab dawb calcium. Kwv yees li 80% ntawm cov calcium yog khaws cia hauv organelles (xws li mitochondria, sarcoplasmic reticulum, endoplasmic reticulum, thiab lwm yam). Calcium nyob rau hauv txawv organelles tsis diffuse dawb nrog ib leeg. 10% mus rau 20% ntawm calcium yog muab faib rau hauv cytoplasm, khi rau soluble proteins thiab daim nyias nyias, thaum dawb calcium account tsuas yog 0.1%.